In a revolutionary finding, scientists at the University of Oklahoma have discovered that only certain bat species carry viruses with notable epidemic potential, challenging the belief that all bats similarly aid in the dissemination of lethal pathogens like coronaviruses and filoviruses. This research, published in *Communications Biology*, offers a detailed perspective on the origins of diseases, suggesting that viral threats are limited to specific bat lineages within the Chiroptera order.
### Mapping Risk Across the Bat Family Tree
Caroline Cummings, a PhD student and lead author, highlighted the necessity of reviewing bat family trees instead of focusing on solitary species. By correlating viral features with evolutionary links, the research demonstrated that high-risk viruses are widespread among closely related bat groups that share ecological and immune characteristics. This includes several globally recognized families such as Vespertilionidae and Molossidae, which frequently dwell near human settlements. Furthermore, bat families like Rhinolophidae and Hipposideridae are associated with highly virulent flaviviruses in Asia and Africa. Conversely, the majority of bat groups exhibited little connection with viruses that significantly impact humans.
The researchers mapped these results against data on human intrusion and habitat disruption, pinpointing geographic hotspots where high-risk bat populations coincide with human activities. Key areas of concern include Southeast Asia, equatorial Africa, and certain regions of Central and South America. The findings indicate that safeguarding these natural bat habitats may lower the chances of viral spillover occurrences while also nurturing vital ecological functions.
### Protecting Bats, Protecting Ourselves
The research emphasizes the significant ecological roles played by bats. For example, in Oklahoma, Mexican free-tailed bats play a crucial role in reducing agricultural pests, resulting in savings of millions for farmers each year. In tropical areas, fruit bats serve as essential pollinators and seed dispersers, helping to sustain biodiversity.
Senior author Dr. Daniel Becker argues that recognizing which bat species carry higher viral risks can greatly enhance public health and conservation initiatives. Directing surveillance efforts is more efficient than indiscriminately labeling all bats negatively. Becker states that the results bring valuable complexity to conversations surrounding bats as viral reservoirs, promoting a reduction in negative human-bat interactions by targeting specific high-risk populations.
This study reframes bats not as viral dangers but as ecological partners cohabiting with certain viruses. By investigating how these species endure hazardous pathogens, potential new insights for human medicine may arise. In a society where bats are recognized as more than mere vessels of disease, understanding their function can shift fear into a chance for healing.
By merging evolutionary insights and ecological knowledge, the Oklahoma team emphasizes that not all bats carry the same level of viral risk. At times, preventing pandemics mandates the protection of creatures that sustain ecological harmony from the very beginning.
[Communications Biology: 10.1038/s42003-025-08929-5](https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-025-08929-5)