When European ships began their journeys across the world’s oceans during the Early Modern Period, they undertook ventures that were both exceedingly expensive and fraught with considerable dangers. Take, for example, the notorious first circumnavigation led by Ferdinand Magellan (c. 1480–1521), which occurred from 20 September 1519 to 6 September 1522. Magellan departed with five […]

For any astute reader keen on the evolution of mathematics, it is vital to assess the validity of assertions regarding key figures and milestones. One such individual often referenced in the realm of mathematical progress is Muhammad ibn Musa al-Khwarizmi, a Persian intellectual whose work is frequently central to the chronicles of mathematical development. Nonetheless, […]